Photocatalytic Decolorization of Direct Red16 from an Aqueous Solution Using B-ZnO/TiO2 Nano Photocatalyst: Synthesis, Characterization, Process Modeling, and Optimization

The aim of this study was to modify the TiO2 photocatalyst with different amounts ZnO (0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt. %) B (1, 5, 10 %), as B-ZnO/TiO2, for mineralization photodegradation direct red 16 (DR16). B-ZnO/TiO2 synthesized by sol-gel method composite 5 % 0.5 selected optimal composition, based on DR16 removal experiments. Th results showed that efficiencies optimum were 47 87 in B-TiO2 respectively. structural chemical characteristics, modeling optimization operating variables, adsorptive behavior, reusability evaluated. acquired findings confirmed generation an amorphous phase a low recombination rate improvement efficiency under visible light irradiation. effects (NH4)2S2O8, H2O2, KCl, KHCO3 salts dye photocatalytic evaluated, maximum positive effect observed using (NH4)2S2O8. operational variables their values proved increase loading, reaction time, LED intensity, decrease concentration initial pH, improved efficiency. degradation (100%) obtained presence ppm g/L B5%-ZnO0.5%/TiO2, at pH 3, irradiation, after 200 min. adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order model. mechanism ascribed absorbed h+ OH− active species. According results, can be considered promising candidate actual